not, the overall research was unconvincing. Small size and you will inadequate dietary review are among the limitations out-of the earlier epidemiological knowledge, as the diet according to just one twenty four-hours remember was applied so you’re able to anticipate stroke occurrence more a a dozen-, step 1 sixteen-, 2 or 20-seasons months. 4 This weightloss research decreases the capability to to improve for practices off other foodstuffs otherwise nutrition that may explain the inverse associations claimed. eleven To overcome that it maximum, i addressed the latest theory one to higher potassium consumption decreases the risk regarding coronary arrest when you look at the a large cohort of men who finished an effective outlined and you can validated semiquantitative food frequency survey during the standard and was accompanied upwards having 8 decades. At exactly the same time, we examined the latest contacts anywhere between danger of heart attack and consumption away from dietary fiber, magnesium, and calcium supplements, which can be correlated that have intake out of potassium that will become relevant to risk of heart attack.

Population

The Health Professionals Follow-up Study began in 1986, when 51 529 health professionals 40 to 75 years old 12 completed a 131-item food-frequency questionnaire and provided information about medical history and lifestyle. Follow-up questionnaires were sent every 2 years to update information on potential risk factors and to identify newly diagnosed cases of stroke and other diseases. We excluded from analysis 1595 men who did not satisfy the a priori criteria of daily caloric intake between 800 and 4200 kcal and <70 blanks out of 131 total listed food items. In addition, we excluded men with prior diagnosis of myocardial infarction, angina, coronary artery surgery, stroke, transient ischemic attack, peripheral arterial disease, or diabetes. The average response rate for the 2-year follow-up cycles was >94%. Nonresponding participants not matched to the National Death Index were assumed to be alive.

Review out of Dieting and Most other Exposure Parameters

The latest 1986 questionnaire asked about mediocre volume off consumption for the prior 12 months from specified servings of 131 snacks and rehearse away from vitamin products tablets. Nutrient data got under consideration the particular variety of breakfast cereal and you will vitamins claimed by the for each and every subject. I as well as asked about the means to access certain tablets out-of potassium and you will magnesium (besides nutrients). We assumed the degree of potassium in these certain products in order to become 1 grams/d hence off magnesium 0.3 how to find milf g/d, while the all about amounts were not questioned about questionnaire. I analyzed the fresh validity of one’s questionnaire into the an arbitrary try out of 127 boys whom complete a couple of 1-few days diet plan facts. thirteen The fresh new correlations amongst the 2 examination out of consumption, energy-adjusted and remedied to have within this-individual version regarding the diet ideas, were 0.65 to possess potassium, 0.64 for dietary fiber, 0.66 to possess magnesium, and 0.53 having calcium supplements. Together with diet, inside 1986, users have been questioned to help you declaration its usual systolic and you will diastolic bloodstream pressure and you can whether they had doctor-identified hypertension. This new validity ones variables has been noted in the past. fourteen

Instances

Stop activities were deadly and nonfatal shots happening within go back of one’s baseline questionnaire and you will January 31, 1994. People revealing a situation stroke on a take-up questionnaire have been wanted permission to review medical suggestions. Strokes have been affirmed when the described as a consistent neurological defect of sudden otherwise rapid onset, lasting ?a day and you may attributable to an excellent cerebrovascular feel. Shots due to infection otherwise neoplasia was excluded. Feedback had been conducted from the physicians without knowing this new subjects’ risk foundation reputation. Strokes was subclassified according to criteria of Federal Questionnaire out of Heart attack given that on account of ischemia (embolism otherwise thrombosis), subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, otherwise unknown end in. fifteen In the event the no suggestions could be gotten, shots was basically sensed probable once they expected hospitalization and you may had been corroborated by the addiitional information provided by page otherwise interviews.